Necessity of water

Monday, July 20, 2009


It seems that for life on Earth water was and is of the utmost important to us. Earth is clearly distinct from other (terrestrial) planets by its wetness.We will now look at the right distance from a star to allow a planet to have liquid water.We have a planet orbiting at a star. This star has a radius Rs and a temperature Ts. The planet has an albedo (=reflectance) A of its surface. Then its equilibrium temperature will be Tp. The distance between the star and the planet we call a.
Tp = { (1-A) / sqrt2}power 1/4 • (Rs / a)power 1/2 • Ts (1) (J. Schneider, 1995).
If we fill in the values known for Earth we find that A=0.39, Tsun =5770 K, so Tp=280 K (which is very close to the actual 287 K)
So from equation (1) we have a planet having a temperature of approximately 300 ± 20 K to allow for liquid water must be located at a distance from the star given by
a = Rs ( Ts / 300)² (2)
where the albedo is A=1. This distance depends on the type of centralstar. So it ranges from approximately 0.1 Au (1Au is the distance between the Sun and the Earth) for cool stars with Ts = 3000 K to about 2 Au for hot stars with Ts = 6500 K. in the next section we will see that there is more to be dealth with in calculating the habitable distance .
However some assumptions were made in forwarding the two equations we just saw. The one of main interest to us, is that it has we assume to have a solid planet, which would exclude giant gaseous planets like Jupiter. But is this assumption correct? What do we know about Jupiter anyway?
Moreover in 1995 an anouncement was made that large ammount a gassious alcohol had been discovered around a star in its initial formationfase. The temperature of the gas was 125 K, very warm for conditions in interstellarspace. The alcohol and other complicated molecules had probably been formed on dustparticles, when the star got larger and heated the dustparticles, the precipitated gasses evaporated.In meteorites, some even older than the solarsystem itself, complicated organic molecules were found aswell. (De Jager, 1995). It seems that no prebioticsoup was needed to create those. But wether life would be able to originate in anyotherway, without the aid of water remains a mystery.

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